GCSE Chemistry revision

Titrations

Reactions of acids

AQA 4.4.2.5 Chemistry only; Includes HT-only content

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Aqueous Ions: In aqueous solution, acids dissociate to produce hydrogen ions (H⁺), whereas alkalis dissociate to release hydroxide ions (OH⁻).
Neutralisation Reaction: Alkalis neutralise acids when hydrogen ions react with hydroxide ions to form neutral water: H⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq) → H₂O(l)

1. Acid-Base Concepts and Neutralisation AQA

Aqueous Ions: In aqueous solution, acids dissociate to produce hydrogen ions (H⁺), whereas alkalis dissociate to release hydroxide ions (OH⁻).
Neutralisation Reaction: Alkalis neutralise acids when hydrogen ions react with hydroxide ions to form neutral water: H⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq) → H₂O(l)

Carrying Out a Titration: Measure a known volume of alkali into a conical flask using a pipette, add an indicator (such as phenolphthalein), and deliver acid from a burette dropwise until the end-point colour change occurs, repeating to find concordant titres.
Concentration and Moles Calculations: Use the volumetric formula:
moles = concentration (in mol/dm³) × volume (in dm³)
Use stoichiometry from the balanced equation to calculate unknown concentrations or volumes.

2. Acid-Alkali Titration Method and Concentration Calculations AQA

Carrying Out a Titration: Measure a known volume of alkali into a conical flask using a pipette, add an indicator (such as phenolphthalein), and deliver acid from a burette dropwise until the end-point colour change occurs, repeating to find concordant titres.
Concentration and Moles Calculations: Use the volumetric formula:
moles = concentration (in mol/dm³) × volume (in dm³)
Use stoichiometry from the balanced equation to calculate unknown concentrations or volumes.